4 American Dental Association Fluoridation Practice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 47. Who regulates?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 48. Standards for additives? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 49. Lead, arsenic and other contamination?. . . . . 77 50. Additives safety?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 51. Source of additives?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 52. System safety concerns?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 53. Engineering?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 54. Corrosion of water pipes?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 55. Damage to water facilities?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 56. Environment?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Public Policy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 57. What is public health? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85 58. Valuable measure? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 59. Reduce disparities?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 60. Support for fluoridation?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 61. Courts of law?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 62. Opposition? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 63. Opposition tactics?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 64. Internet?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 65. Public votes? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 66. International fluoridation?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 67. Banned in Europe?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Cost. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 68. Cost-effective and cost-saving?. . . . . . . . . . 106 69. Practical? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Figures 1. Reviewing Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2. Tooth Decay and Dental Fluorosis Graph. . . . 17 3. EPA and USPHS Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 4. Examples of Toothpaste for Children . . . . . . . 46 5. Opposition Tactics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 6. ADA.org Fluoride and Fluoridation. . . . . . . . . . 97 7. Largest Fluoridated Cities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 8. States Meeting National Goals. . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 9. State Fluoridation Status. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Tables 1. Dietary Fluoride Supplements . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 2. Dietary Reference Uptakes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 3. Categories of Dental Fluorosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . 51